11 Most Effective Sustainable Architecture Buildings in The World

What comes to mind when you think of sustainable architecture? Is it all green buildings covered with plants everywhere in the project? Or perhaps high-tech buildings that rely solely on clean energy sources and advanced technology for efficiency? Both types of projects are commonly found when searching for green architecture and sustainable architecture.  However, in true sustainable architecture, buildings must be designed to be environmentally, economically and culturally sustainable. Let’s see how some of the most renowned green buildings in the world delivered sustainability.

What is Sustainable Architecture?

Sustainable architecture is a design typology sprung from the need and the aim to reduce the negative impact on the environment from construction projects. Architects of the modern age have been making tremendous efforts to design environmentally responsive and responsible buildings to help combat the climate crisis. Nowadays, sustainable design is hardly considered a style of its own, but one that can be incorporated into any style or typology of architecture. That said, architecture and sustainability have become synonymous in the field of AEC.

Many famous sustainable architects, each with his/her own design philosophies, have proven in the past decades that sustainability can come in different versions and the younger generation of architects are following suit with both old and new approaches.

Benefits of Sustainable Architecture

In the changing climate and environmental conditions, sustainable architecture has become the need of the hour. Most sustainable architecture firms are actively adopting green and sustainable architecture to reduce the negative impact of the construction industry on our environment. Similarly, sustainable architects are also realising the advantages of sustainable architecture, inspiring others to follow. Let’s look at some of the core benefits of sustainability in architecture:

Reduced Carbon Footprint

Sustainable architecture and green buildings reduce carbon footprint by using renewable sources and optimising energy consumption. Also, they decrease the amount of toxic gases that are released into the air, saving the environment to a large extent.

Positive Impact on Climate

Sustainable buildings positively influence the ecosystem and the overall ecosystem by cutting down on the water and energy usage that pollute the environment. It also mitigates the use of components like coal and carbon dioxide, which are discharged into the environment. 

Reduced Building Costs

One of the greatest benefits of sustainable buildings is that they incur low maintenance costs. These are built using sustainable building components to lower energy consumption and save the tenant’s utility bills.

Sustainable Building Materials

Sustainable building materials are increasingly becoming a popular choice for green architects. These green building materials reduce carbon footprint, minimise energy consumption, and have a low environmental impact overall. Here are some of the sustainable materials which have become commonplace for sustainability architects:

Bamboo: It’s an eco-friendly building material that has been used for centuries. This fast-growing grass reaches the maturity stage in just 3-5 years. Being lightweight, strong, and flexible – it's an excellent choice for building structures and furnishings.

Recycled Steel: It’s a strong and durable sustainable building material that can be recycled infinitely without losing its strength. Not only is it fire-resistant but it can also resist natural disasters like earthquakes and hurricanes.

Reclaimed Wood: Sourced from old barns and buildings, it is another sustainable material that is used in green buildings. It’s a popular choice among architects as it adds character, aesthetics, and warmth to any building structure.

Rammed Earth: Using natural resources like soil, clay, and sand – this age-old building technique is used to create durable structures. These structures are both energy-efficient and have great thermal mass, making them perfect for passive solar designs. 

Read more: How Is Computational Design Used in Architecture in 2024?

11 Most Effective Sustainable Architecture Buildings in The World

1. CopenHill by Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG)

Built in line with the plan for Copenhagen, Denmark, to become the first carbon-neutral city by 2025, CopenHill is a waste-to-energy plant designed with a sustainable approach. Its form is not the only design element that stands out; the 10,000 m2 green roof doubles as a ski slope and a hiking trail! Such a large green roof undoubtedly promotes biodiversity on the site while absorbing heat and filtering the air. It is not only a powerplant, but also a public space – a recreation centre that fosters activities for all ages.

2. The Friendship Hospital by Kasef Chowdhury of Urbana

The Friendship Hospital in the rural Bangladesh delta houses 80 beds with a sustainable and low-cost design approach. It is not a high-tech building; instead, it is a sustainable architecture building that uses the passive design approach, regulating temperature along with natural ventilation thereby reducing the reliance on artificial energy. The pavilion-like building blocks form courtyards that ventilate the wards while providing shaded resting places outside. The construction employed only local materials and craftsmen. This simple design that is responsive to both humans and nature earned the RIBA International Prize in 2021 for demonstrating a socially impactful design.

3. Startup Lions (SLAK) Campus by Kéré Architecture

Designed by Francis Kéré, the 2022 Pritzker Prize winner, the sustainable campus for Startup Lions Assets Kenya (SLAK) boasts a sensitive and responsive approach to both the site and the local community. You might be surprised by its design concept; inspired by termite mounds, the design focuses on passive ventilation. Termite mounds are an easy find in the local landscape which means they can survive in the harsh climatic conditions of Kenya. The three towers, the most iconic part of the building, help to remove warm air that has ascended in the interiors. Fresh air replaces the warm air through long window slits. Kéré ensured further sustainability in the building by installing solar panels on top to produce electricity on site.

4. Apple Park by Foster + Partners

The headquarters of Apple Inc. in Cupertino, California, is designed by Foster + Partners and has been considered an architectural marvel. This neo-futuristic complex offers a unique blend of architecture and sustainability. It’s a ring-shaped building designed to run on sustainable energy from the solar panels on top of the structure. The glare to the interiors is reduced by the canopies installed between each floor. It is the largest LEED platinum-certified office building in North America with renewable energy, green spaces and innovative ventilation systems. The Ring Building is not the only building in the complex. Within the inner circular compound lies the Visitors’ Center, Steve Jobs Theater and Fitness & Wellness Center.

5. Gardens by the Bay by Wilkinson Eyre

Gardens by the Bay in Singapore is a horticultural attraction that also exhibits technological innovation for sustainable architecture. The entire garden complex comprises two greenhouse conservatories – the largest of its kind in the world – and the iconic Supertrees among other attractions. Despite the size of the gardens, the architects and engineers worked to minimise energy consumption with passive cooling elements like materials and shading. The facade for the conservatories is designed to control surface temperature and transmission and there’s also an air supply system that conditions air at a low level. The Gardens don’t simply have one or two sustainable approaches to the design. Rather, the entire design incorporates sustainability at the core. Thanks to the efforts, Garden by the Bay has earned the Green Mark Award (Platinum) at the 2021 BCA (Building and Construction Authority of Singapore) Awards.

6. The Edge by PLP Architecture

BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), the UK’s sustainability rating agency, called this building ‘the greenest in the world’, giving it the highest sustainability score ever. If other buildings in this list focus on passive design and sustainable materials, the Edge in Amsterdam, Netherlands, is all about technological innovation. The design aims to be sustainable with efficient energy consumption using solar panels installed at the south side of the building. It works so well that the solar panels are able to generate enough energy for all electrical consumption by all employees in the building.

Sustainable architecture and green architecture are terms used interchangeably, although they have slight differences in criteria. 

7. The Atelier by Biome Environmental Solution

Unique materials and building techniques make The Atelier by Biome Environmental Solution sustainable, economical and playful, fitting to its purpose. The school, located in Bangalore, India, has been designed as a temporary structure (due to site limitations) that can be dismantled to recover all materials. These materials and components – such as paver block flooring and paper tube partition walls – can be reused at some point to construct the same building elsewhere or for a completely new building.

Do you know that Biome Environmental Solution is also one of the top architecture firms leading the way for BIM technology in India? It’s through BIM that they digitise building design sustainability for green and innovative projects.

8. The PLUS by Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG)

Dubbed the world’s most environmentally friendly furniture factory and set to receive BREEAM’s highest rating, The Plus is a envision of Vestre, a furniture manufacturer, and BIG. It is located in the middle of a forest in Norway; a rather unexpected location for a factory but fitting for the factory’s sustainable approach. As is the case with many other projects by BIG, the design approach is not only sustainable but also playful. The building’s glass facade hides away among the trees, only letting its enormous form be visible up close. In addition to the green roof and solar panels, sustainability is enhanced by geothermal walls and heat pumps that extract excess heat in the interiors generated by the factory’s production. What’s more, over 50 per cent of carbon emissions from the production processes are reduced.

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9. Powerhouse Telemark by Snøhetta

Powerhouse Telemark received the first BREEAM-NOR certification in the Telemark region, obtaining the second highest level for its energy efficiency and standards for comfort and functionality as proof of its architectural sustainability. The building was designed by Snøhetta to generate more electricity than it consumes as a solar cell plant. The facade and roof are covered with solar panels to generate electricity for consumption and any surplus is delivered to the grid. Despite consisting of 11 floors with modern facilities, its yearly net energy consumption is reduced by 70% compared to similar new constructions, hence making it both environmentally and economically sustainable.

10. 63rd House by Studio Gang

Sustainable design does not necessarily have to involve a huge, brand-new building fitted with the latest technologies. The term ‘adaptive reuse’ has been around for years as a sustainable architecture strategy, and adopted by many projects by established firms, to revitalise outdated and/or abandoned buildings. Some even believe that it is better to reuse old buildings rather than continue the urban sprawl.

63rd House in southwest Chicago by Studio Gang is a good example of the adaptive reuse of a 1920 brick post office for the headquarters of Blue Tin production. The apparel manufacturer wanted a space to house their sewing studios as well as spaces catering to the well-being of its workers. The aim of the design was to achieve net-zero emission, and so the architects installed PV panels on the roof to generate energy to power the building. The vegetation on top of the roof and around the perimeter also promotes biodiversity and green spaces, in stark contrast to conventional sewing studios or factories.

11. Elbphilharmonie by Herzog & de Meuron

 

Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg, Germany, is another example of adaptive reuse as an element of sustainable architecture. The building is a mixed-use project consisting of a philharmonic hall, smaller music halls, restaurants, bars and residential spaces. The current building was designed superimposed on an existing warehouse building known as Kaispeicher, and the deliberate juxtaposition of the old and new design is plain to see. The facade made of curved glass panels resembles an iridescent crystal that changes the reflections in it with the movement of the sun and the surroundings.

In addition to being known for its adaptive reuse, the Elbphilharmonie building is also famous for its carved glass facade. 

The scope of sustainable architecture is growing as more architects and engineers explore and test new designs and technologies to counter environmental crises. Its growing scope and implementation have given rise to new career specialisations in the industry and being a sustainable architect is no longer the only relevant career option. If you want to be at the forefront of change and master technological advancements like BIM, then you can explore the BIM Professional Course for Architects offered by Novatr. It’s an expert-led mentor course that helps you master BIM software and workflows prevalent in the AEC industry. In addition, you also get to work on a live capstone project. Explore this course NOW!

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